Evolve Labs Pro Series AMP

Dual Purinergic Neural and Endothelial Control of Vascular Tone and Angiogenesis ATP and adenosine are much involved in the mechanisms underlying local control of vessel tone in addition to cell migration, proliferation, and death during angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and restenosis following angioplasty. ATP, released as a cotransmitter from sympathetic nerves, constricts vascular smooth muscle via P2X receptors, whereas ATP released from sensory-motor nerves during ‘axon reflex’ activity dilates vessels via P2Y receptors. Furthermore, ATP released from endothelial cells during changes in flow (shear stress) or hypoxia acts on P2Y receptors in endothelial cells to release NO, resulting in relaxation (Figure 4). Adenosine, following breakdown of extracellular ATP, produces vasodilatation via smooth muscle P1 receptors.